Hemorrhoids, also referred as piles are greatly increased blood vessels near the region surrounding anus which causes severe pain and itchy sensation which often results in bleeding during passage of stools. It appears as a lump which is hanging around the anus. It is often caused due to severe constipation which causes pressure during excretion and stools. There are network of veins which are found around rectum and anus of the body like internal and external hemorrhoidal veins.
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There are mainly two types of hemorrhoids on the basis of the affected hemorrhoidal veins:

Internal hemorrhoids are caused due to excessive pressure on the internal hemorrhoidal veins which results in excessive bleeding during stools which is noticeable on its surface, in the toilet pan and on the toilet napkins. If the problem persists for quite some time it results in bulge which hangs around the anus facing outside due to excessive pressure and swelling. Such type of hemorrhoids is not so painful if there are no formation of blood clot and infection related to it.
External hemorrhoids are caused due to excessive pressure on the external hemorrhoidal veins as a result of scratching or rubbing the affected area. There is excessive bleeding from the swollen area around the vein which often results due to itching and irritation of the external hemorrhoidal veins. It is usually painful due to formation of the blood clot within the hemorrhoids.
There are some other types of hemorrhoids as well such as prolapsed hemorrhoids and strangulated hemorrhoids. Prolapsed hemorrhoids are caused when the internal hemorrhoids becomes highly enlarged and projected and hangs in the outward direction of the anus. While strangulated hemorrhoids are caused due to stretching of the sphincter muscles which surrounds the prolapsed hemorrhoids causes lack of blood supply to it. There is also an uncommon hemorrhoids which is referred as child hemorrhoids which results due to constipation in children. It is often associated with the symptoms of bleeding during the stool. Proper medical attention is required if the symptoms are noticed in small children.
These were various types of hemorrhoids which are quite common and are mainly caused due to lack of fibers in the diet.